CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES ON DIAGNOSIS, MORPHOLOGICAL CONFIRMATION, AND PROGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF THE CARDIOESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION CANCER (REVIEW ARTICLE)
Umirov Avazbek Abdunazarovich*, Yusupbekov Abrorjon Akhmedjanovich and Urunbaev Sundr Davlatovich
ABSTRACT
This review summarizes current issues on the morphological, anatomical, physiological and molecular biological features of tumors of the cardioesophageal junction (CEJ), including classification by Siewert type, growth and differentiation patterns, as well as precancerous changes in the mucosa in conditions of chronic gastroesophageal reflux. Particular attention is paid to prognostic and predictive factors, immunohistochemical markers (HER2, PDL1, MSI, Ki-67, etc.), the possibilities of instrumental and molecular diagnostics (NBI, EUS, PET-CT, liquid biopsy). The importance of a multimodal approach for personification of therapy, prognosis and early diagnosis of CEJ tumors is emphasized.
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