Abstract

Preetam Datta*, Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen, Dr. Pruthviraj K. Chaudhary, Shloka V. Chaudhari, Dr Laxman M. Prajapati, Dr. Devanshi V. Chaudhary, Dushyant P. Chaudhary, Dr. Hitesh D. Karen, Dr. Bharat G. Chaudhari

ABSTRACT

CAR T-cell therapy is primarily used for treating certain types of blood cancers that have been resistant to other treatments, including specific types of leukaemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. A type of treatment in which a patient's T cells (a type of immune system cell) are changed in the laboratory so they will attack cancer cells. T cells are taken from a patient’s blood. Then the gene for a special receptor that binds to a certain protein on the patient’s cancer cells is added to the T cells in the laboratory. The special receptor is called a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). Large numbers of the CAR T cells are grown in the laboratory and given to the patient by infusion. CAR T-cell therapy is used to treat certain blood cancers, and it is being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. Also called chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. It works by genetically engineering a patient's own T-cells in a lab to recognize and attack cancer cells. This immunotherapy can sometimes lead to a cure or significantly extend the lives of patients with these advanced cancers. Uses of CAR T-cell therapy Blood Cancers: It is approved for adults with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and multiple myeloma. Paediatric Cancers: It can be an option for children and adolescents with advanced B-cell ALL who have not responded to other treatments. Research: Studies are ongoing to expand its use to other types of blood cancers and to solid tumours. How it works: T-cell extraction: A patient's T-cells are collected from their blood. Genetic modification: In a laboratory, scientists insert a new gene that allows the T-cells to produce special receptors called chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). Cell growth: The modified CAR T-cells are multiplied into millions. Reinfusion: The new CAR T-cells are infused back into the patient's body. Targeting cancer: The CAR T-cells can now recognize and bind to a specific antigen on the surface of cancer cells, leading to their destruction.