Abstract

Dr. Yadav Vijay Ganesh*, Dr. Anita Patel

ABSTRACT

Background: Arsha, commonly correlated with hemorrhoids in contemporary medicine, is among the most frequently encountered anorectal disorders. Ayurveda considers Arsha one of the Ashta Mahagada owing to its chronicity, recurrence, and impact on quality of life. Classical Ayurvedic texts provide comprehensive descriptions regarding its etiology, classification, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, prognosis, and management. The disease has been recognized since the Vedic period and continues to be an important clinical entity in both Ayurvedic and modern practice. Objective: To critically review the historical evolution, Ayurvedic concepts, classification, pathogenesis, clinical features, and management strategies of Arsha and to correlate these concepts with contemporary understanding of hemorrhoidal disease. Methods: Classical Ayurvedic texts including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, Madhava Nidana, Bhavaprakasha, Yogaratnakara, and Bhaishajya Ratnavali were reviewed. Contemporary scientific literature on hemorrhoids was also analyzed to establish conceptual correlations. Results: The review demonstrates that Ayurveda provides a comprehensive understanding of hemorrhoidal disease through detailed descriptions of Nidana, Dosha involvement, Samprapti, Purvarupa, Rupa, and Chikitsa. Modern concepts of vascular congestion, connective tissue degeneration, and chronic constipation show significant parallels with Ayurvedic descriptions of Vibandha, Apana Vata Dushti, and Gudavali pathology. Conclusion: Ayurvedic literature offers a holistic framework for understanding and managing Arsha. Integration of classical principles with contemporary evidence may improve therapeutic outcomes and provide cost-effective management strategies.