Abstract

Subhajit Samanta*, Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen

ABSTRACT

When discussing biodiversity and algae in the context of "trees," it generally refers to two distinct but fascinating subjects: sub aerial (living) algae on the bark of actual trees or high-tech urban "Algae Trees" designed for climate action. 1. Natural Algae on Tree Bark (Sub aerial Algae) Tree bark serves as a living, nutrient-rich micro-ecosystem for thousands of microscopic algae, fungi, and bacteria. 2. Species Diversity: Bark habitats are largely dominated by green algae (like Trebouxiophyceae and Trentepohliales) and Cyanobacteria. 3. The "Algae Tree" Study: Research in tropical forests reveals that algal communities vary greatly depending on the tree species (e.g., Terminalia alata) and environmental factors like sunlight and humidity. Open canopy areas of the forest support significantly higher biodiversity than closed, dark canopies. 4. Ecological Role: These microscopic communities function as biological indicators of air quality and play a vital role in local nutrient and carbon cycling. 5. The "Algae Tree" (Climate-Tech Innovation) in urban development, an "Algae Tree" is an engineered biotech structure used to actively combat air pollution in crowded, congested cities. 6. The Pioneer Installation: India's first Algae Tree was unveiled in Bhopal. Developed by the Mushroom World Group, it operates as a vertical photo bioreactor that houses living microalgae to naturally purify the air. Biodiversity Function: While it does not boast the sprawling ecosystem of a natural forest, it leverages the massive natural biodiversity and photosynthetic efficiency of microalgae. Performance Metrics: A single engineered algae tree can reportedly absorb 1.5 tons of CO? annually—the equivalent of up to 25 mature trees—and reduces nearby PM 2.5 particulate matter by up to 55%.