Abstract

Dr. Mamta Chandra*, Dr. Laxmi

ABSTRACT

Global Developmental Delay (GDD) is a pediatric condition characterized by significant delay in two or more developmental domains, including motor, language, cognitive, and social-adaptive functions, commonly identified before 5 years of age. The etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic, prenatal, perinatal, nutritional, and environmental factors. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are essential to improve functional outcomes and quality of life. In Ayurveda, GDD can be correlated with conditions such as Phakka Roga, Balya Avastha Vikara, and Manasika–Sharirika Vikas Mandya, where there is impaired growth and delayed attainment of developmental milestones. The pathology is primarily attributed to imbalance of Vata Dosha, along with involvement of Dhatu Kshaya (tissue depletion), Agnimandya (impaired metabolism), and dysfunction of Majja and Ojas. Factors such as Garbhavastha Ahara-Vihara, Beeja Dushti (genetic factors), and Janma Kala Asphyxia can be considered analogous to modern etiological factors. Assessment includes both modern developmental screening tools and Ayurvedic evaluation of Prakriti, Bala, Satva, and Ahara-Shakti. Management adopts a holistic and multidisciplinary approach. Ayurvedic interventions include Medhya Rasayana drugs such as Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), Shankhapushpi, and Mandukaparni (Centella asiatica) to enhance cognitive function, along with Balya and Brimhana therapies for nourishment. Panchakarma procedures like Abhyanga, Shirodhara, and Basti are employed to balance Vata and promote neuromuscular development. Integrative management combining early stimulation therapies with Ayurvedic principles may offer a comprehensive approach to improve developmental outcomes. This article highlights the correlation between GDD and Ayurvedic concepts, emphasizing the role of holistic care in pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders.