Abstract

Dr. Deepti Kawale*, Dr. Sharad D Tripathi

ABSTRACT

Ayurvedic therapeutic practices are based on two main approaches Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa. Shodhana Chikitsa includes five major purification procedures called Panchakarma. One such procedure, as stated by Sushruta, is Raktamokshana (bloodletting) which is considered beneficial for Rakta-Vyadhi. Leech therapy, includes Jalaukavacharana in which medicinal leeches are used for bloodletting purpose. Leech's extracts vitiated Doshas from the body without requiring sharp surgical implements. According to historical records, medicinal bloodletting has been practiced since prehistoric times. Sushruta has provided a detailed account of the various uses of leeches for therapeutic purposes. Jalaukavacharana is considered to be a highly sophisticated form of Raktamokshana and therefore falls under the category of Ashastra and is rather referred to as Anushastra. Leeches are hermaphroditic, segmented, elongated and has flat body, with well-defined anterior (oral) and posterior (abdominal) suckers at each end. With the help of these suckers the leech sucks vitiated blood from the body surface of person receiving therapy. This article highlights pharmacodynamics of Jalaukavacharana (leech therapy) and their classical procedural protocol as per Ayurveda.