Abstract

*Dr. Sivaprasadan V., Dr. Shylamma TM, Dr. Sunil John Thykkattil, Dr Sethu Raj K S

ABSTRACT

Guna siddhanta forms the fundamental cornerstone of ayurvedic pharmacology, offering profound insights into the therapeutic potential and mode of action of various substances[1] Its relevance is significant in many disorders, where maintaining the functional integrity of agni is central to health.[2] According to ayurveda, impaired digestion leads to the formation of ama, which in turn initiates a cascade of pathological processes.[3] In this context, deepana (stimulation of agni) and pachana  dravyas are indispensable tools, classified and understood on the basis of their inherent gunas[4] (qualities). Among these, katu pachana is primarily defined by its ushna veerya, laghu, and ruksha gunas.[5] These attributes create an optimal internal environment for agni to function effectively, thereby ensuring the proper breakdown of food and elimination of ama.[6] Classical examples include ginger and black pepper, which demonstrate both deepana and pachana effects, simultaneously enhancing digestive capacity and resolving metabolic toxins.[7] Such herbs are particularly beneficial in conditions involving kapha and vata imbalance.[8s], where sluggish digestion and ama accumulation are predominant. In contrast, thiktha pachana is characterized by seetha veerya, laghu, and ruksha gunas.[9] Unlike katu dravyas, these agents focus more on the digestion and elimination of ama without directly stimulating agni.[10] This makes them particularly suitable in conditions where pitta aggravation is a concern, as they clear toxins gently while preventing excessive stimulation of digestive fire.[11] A classical formulation representing this group is shadanga panam, which is frequently employed in fevers and digestive disorders associated with toxin accumulation.[12] By integrating ayurvedic principles with modern clinical understanding, the application of guna siddhanta in the choice between katu and thiktha pachana can provide highly individualized therapeutic outcomes.[13] Gastrointestinal conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), indigestion, hyperacidity, gastroesophageal reflux disease[14] (GERD) etc highlight the need for precision in drug selection, wherein the practitioner tailors therapy based on constitution (prakriti), doshic imbalance, and disease stage. Thus, understanding the nuanced differences between katu and thiktha pachana in the light of guna siddhanta not only enriches ayurvedic therapeutics but also establishes a rational and scientific approach to managing gastrointestinal disorders.[15]