Abstract

Dr. Ravi Prakash Degala*, Dr. T. K. V. Kesava Rao, Dr. Prasad Cheepurupalli, Adapa Venkateswararao, Dr. Usha Rani, G. Srividya, P. Laxmi Suma, Panchadi Anusha

ABSTRACT

Background: Neuroleptic-induced movement disorders (NIMDs) are a significant adverse effect associated with the long-term use of antipsychotic medications. These disorders can adversely impact the quality of life, medication adherence, and overall prognosis in psychiatric patients. Despite their clinical importance, NIMDs often remain under-recognized and underreported, especially in outpatient settings. Objective: To assess the prevalence, types, and associated risk factors of neuroleptic-induced movement disorders among patients receiving antipsychotic treatment in the Psychiatric Outpatient Department of Government General Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on psychiatric patients attending the outpatient department who were on neuroleptic medication for at least three months. Standard diagnostic tools such as the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS), and Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS) were used to identify and categorize movement disorders including tardive dyskinesia, drug-induced parkinsonism, and akathisia. Demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed to identify potential risk factors. Results: Among the study population, the overall prevalence of NIMDs was found to be significant, with tardive dyskinesia being the most commonly observed disorder, followed by parkinsonism and akathisia. Older age, longer duration of antipsychotic therapy, use of typical antipsychotics, and higher cumulative doses were identified as major contributing factors. Conclusion: Neuroleptic-induced movement disorders are prevalent among psychiatric outpatients on antipsychotic therapy and warrant regular monitoring. Early detection and appropriate management strategies, including dose adjustment or switching to atypical antipsychotics, are essential to minimize the burden of these disorders and improve patient outcomes.