Abstract

*Dr. Aman Singh, Dr. Vikram Bali, Dr. Gagan Gupta

ABSTRACT

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition initiated by dental biofilm and amplified by a dysregulated host immune response, with destructive cascades involving pro-inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, oxidative stress and imbalanced bone remodeling. Recently, the therapeutic paradigm in periodontics has shifted from exclusive emphasis on microbial control to strategies that also modulate the host response. Host modulation therapy aims to diminish tissue destruction and enhance repair by altering mediator activity, inhibiting destructive enzymes, promoting resolution pathways, and improving bone homeostasis. This comprehensive review synthesizes recent clinical and translational evidence on the mechanisms, pharmacologic and biologic agents, clinical applications, and future prospects of host modulation therapy in periodontics, with emphasis on adjunctive approaches that complement conventional mechanical treatment.