Abstract

Dr. Sangeeta Dev*

ABSTRACT

This review critically explores the role of Mahabhuta Siddhanta (Doctrine of Five Great Elements) within Sharir Sthana (the anatomical section) of classical Ayurvedic texts and its diagnostic implications in contemporary Ayurvedic practice. Rooted in the metaphysical philosophies of Samkhya and Nyaya-Vaisheshika, Mahabhutas—Akasha, Vayu, Agni, Jala, and Prithvi—form the conceptual and functional foundation for understanding human physiology, pathology, and individualized diagnosis. The review aimed to: (i) trace the theoretical development of Mahabhuta Siddhanta within classical anatomy, (ii) evaluate its diagnostic applications in relation to Dosha vitiation and disease progression, and (iii) interpret its relevance in modern integrative healthcare. A qualitative research design was employed, using thematic textual analysis of both primary Ayurvedic scriptures (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya) and 29 peer-reviewed articles selected through a PRISMA-based systematic methodology. The analysis was structured around five domains: conceptual origin, physiological functions, influence on embryology and Dhatus (tissues), diagnostic application, and integration with modern clinical science. Key findings suggest that Mahabhutas not only underpin Ayurvedic anatomical and physiological theories but also serve as a diagnostic compass in tools like Trividha Pariksha and Rogi-Roga Pariksha. The review also identifies challenges in clinical translation, such as epistemological divergence and lack of standardized tools, yet highlights promising avenues like elemental biomarkers, Prakriti-genomic correlations, and AI-assisted diagnostics. The study concludes that Mahabhuta Siddhanta holds immense potential for bridging classical wisdom with modern diagnostic science. Its reintegration into education, research, and clinical protocols could enhance Ayurveda’s relevance in global health systems.