Abstract

*Dr. Sangeeta Dev, Dr. Sunayana Mahajan

ABSTRACT

This review paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of the concept of Shadbhava—the six procreative factors in fetal development—as discussed in Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, the foundational texts of Ayurveda. The primary objective is to explore the philosophical, anatomical, and clinical interpretations of Shadbhava in classical Ayurvedic embryology (Garbha Sharir), particularly through a systematic textual critique. A total of 63 scholarly documents were initially identified through a structured database search using PRISMA guidelines. After rigorous screening and application of inclusion criteria, 20 relevant studies—including classical treatises, commentaries, journal articles, and theses—were analyzed. The six Bhavas—Matrija, Pitrija, Atmaja, Rasaja, Satmyaja, and Sattvaja—were examined in terms of their textual references, conceptual foundations, and relevance to modern developmental biology. The review reveals that while both texts agree on the holistic model of life creation, Charaka emphasizes psychological, philosophical, and karmic aspects, whereas Sushruta provides a structural, anatomical, and surgical interpretation. Commentarial insights by Chakrapani and Dalhana further enrich the understanding of physiological and psychosomatic implications of fetal development. Key findings show significant alignment between Ayurvedic principles and contemporary epigenetics, nutrigenomics, and psychosomatic medicine. The review underscores the need for interdisciplinary research connecting classical Ayurvedic theories with modern embryological and genetic frameworks. It also calls for standardizing Garbha Sharir education in Ayurvedic curricula and applying these insights in maternal health care, including Garbhasanskar and preconception counseling. This study contributes to the scholarly reinterpretation of ancient Ayurvedic embryology, highlighting its potential to enrich both integrative medical education and holistic prenatal care models.