Abstract

Dr. Arafath Kainath*, Dr. G. S. Hadimani, Dr. Akshay Shetty, Dr. Jyothi R. Ankalagi

ABSTRACT

Background: Katigraha, commonly equated with low back pain in modern medicine, is a condition characterized by stiffness, pain, and restricted movement in the lumbar region. It is primarily associated with the vitiation of Vata Dosha and is one of the most frequently encountered musculoskeletal disorders in clinical practice. With rising incidence due to sedentary lifestyles, poor posture, and occupational strain, effective and sustainable management of Katigraha is increasingly important. Objective: This review aims to evaluate the efficacy of Patra Pinda Sweda (PPS), a traditional Ayurvedic sudation therapy, in the management of Katigraha. The study investigates classical references, pharmacological properties of the herbal ingredients, physiological mechanisms, and clinical outcomes based on current evidence. Methods: A comprehensive review of classical Ayurvedic texts (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya) was undertaken to understand the theoretical foundation of Katigraha and the use of PPS. Additionally, modern clinical studies, case reports, pharmacological analyses, and peer-reviewed journal articles were reviewed to assess the efficacy, safety, and therapeutic mechanisms of PPS in low back pain. Results: PPS employs a synergistic combination of medicinal leaves (e.g., Nirgundi, Eranda, Arka, Shigru), medicated oils, and heat application through bolus massage. The therapy exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and muscle-relaxant effects through both Ayurvedic and modern physiological mechanisms. Clinical studies demonstrate significant improvement in pain scores (VAS), functional status (ODI), and range of motion among patients with Katigraha. Minimal adverse effects, high patient compliance, and compatibility with other Ayurvedic treatments make PPS a favorable option. Patra Pinda Sweda is a potent Ayurvedic intervention for managing Katigraha, offering multidimensional therapeutic benefits. It addresses both symptom relief and the underlying doshic imbalance, aligning with the principles of holistic and sustainable healthcare. Although current evidence is promising, further high-quality clinical trials and protocol standardization are needed to strengthen its position in integrative pain management strategies.