Abstract

S. A. Meshram*, P. K. More, S. R. Yadav, P. P. Purohit, B. V. Dhanavade

ABSTRACT

Turmeric is an Ayurvedic drug represented by multiple species, of which Curcuma longa (Haridra), Curcuma amada (Amragandhi Haridra), and Curcuma aromatica (Krishna Haridra) hold significant therapeutic value. Although often used interchangeably, these spices differ in their medicinal properties, making accurate identification essential to prevent adulteration and ensure efficacy. The present study aimed to establish pharmacognostical differences among the three through macroscopic, organoleptic, and microscopic evaluations. Macroscopic examination revealed distinct characteristics: Curcuma longa showed bright yellow-orange rhizomes, Curcuma amada appeared pale yellow with a mango-like aroma, and Curcuma aromatica was dark brown with a camphoraceous odor. Microscopic features further differentiated them, with Curcuma longa presenting a thick cork and scattered vascular bundles, Curcuma amada showing large oil cells and spongy ground tissue, and Curcuma aromatica containing dense resin ducts and irregular starch grains. These observations provide reliable diagnostic markers to distinguish the species. The study emphasizes the role of pharmacognostical analysis in authenticating raw drugs, standardizing formulations, and safeguarding the therapeutic potential of Curcuma species in Ayurvedic practice.