Abstract

Zulnoon Khairoowala, F. S. Sherani, Asia Sultana, *Tooba Hayat

ABSTRACT

Waja’al-?ahr, or low back pain, is extensively documented in classical Unani literature. This review examines its historical background, causes, pathogenesis, classification, symptoms, and treatment approaches as renowned Unani scholars describe. The origins of Waja’al-?ahr can be traced to early Greek medicine and ancient texts like the Edwin Smith Papyrus (1500 BC), with notable contributions from Unani physicians such as Buqrat (Hippocrates), Zakaria Razi, Ibn Sina, Ismail Jurjani, and Akbar Arzani. According to Unani medicine, the primary cause of Waja’al-?ahr is an imbalance in bodily humors, particularly an excess of cold temperament (Burudat) and abnormal phlegm (Kham Balgham) accumulating in the lumbosacral region. Other contributing factors include trauma, disc prolapse, excessive sexual activity, kidney weakness, uterine disorders, and vascular congestion. The condition is classified based on its underlying causes, each presenting distinct symptoms. The Unani approach to treatment is holistic, combining medicinal, dietary, and regimenal therapies. Pharmacological interventions involve Munzij (concoctive), Mushil (purgative), and Musakkin (analgesic) drugs to expel morbid humors and relieve pain. Dietary recommendations favor warm-natured foods, while regimenal therapies such as Dalk (massage), Fasd (venesection), Hijamah (cupping), and Hammam (therapeutic baths) help restore balance. This review highlights the significance of Unani principles in managing low back pain and suggests that integrating these traditional insights with modern medicine could enhance treatment strategies for this widespread musculoskeletal condition.