Abstract

*Dr. Priya Mudhgil, Dr. Heena Kaushik, Dr. Brijendra Singh Tomar, Dr. Satbir Kumar Chawla

ABSTRACT

Nanotechnology, the science and engineering of materials at the scale of 1–100 nanometers, is steadily reshaping the way forensic science is practiced. The special magnetic, optical, and chemical properties of nanomaterials provide investigators with powerful new options to detect, collect, and analyze evidence that often goes unnoticed with conventional methods. In recent years, innovations such as quantum dots for high-contrast, multi-color visualization of latent fingerprints, magnetic nanoparticles for rapid and efficient DNA extraction, and nano- enabled sensors for detecting trace levels of explosives or drugs have gained prominence. Studies between 2023 and 2025 show that these tools not only improve clarity and accuracy on complex or contaminated surfaces but also enable faster, portable testing systems that can be integrated with artificial intelligence for quicker decision-making at the crime scene itself. However, the widespread use of such technologies still faces barriers, including high costs, possible toxicity of certain nanomaterials, and the lack of standardized operating protocols across forensic laboratories. In addition, ethical concerns—particularly around privacy in ultra- sensitive detection—are becoming increasingly important. This review brings together recent advancements, assesses their practical applications, and discusses how nanotechnology could shift forensic work in India towards quicker, on-site, and more precise evidence processing, ultimately contributing to a stronger and more efficient justice system.