Abstract

Naga Harshitha* and Tajuddin Shaik

ABSTRACT

Due to the very selective nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), medication administration to the central nervous system (CNS) is a significant task. Traditional pharmaceutical techniques frequently fail to achieve therapeutic concentrations in the brain, limiting the efficacy of treatments for neurological illnesses such Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, glioblastoma, and epilepsy. Recent advances in nanotechnology provide a breakthrough approach for overcoming this barrier and delivering medications with greater accuracy, efficacy, and safety. This study analyses the most recent developments in nanocarrier systems, including as liposomes, dendrimers, solid lipid nanoparticles, and polymeric micelles, which are intended to cross the BBB and target CNS regions. Surface modification methods, such as ligand conjugation and PEGylation, are emphasized as ways to improve BBB permeability and lower systemic toxicity. Furthermore, we investigate stimuli-responsive and biomimetic nanoparticles that adapt to the CNS milieu, allowing for controlled and targeted medication release. In this review, neurology and nanotechnology are combined to show how tailored Nano systems are enhancing CNS medication bioavailability and enabling individualized, non-invasive treatment. Finally, nanotechnology could transform CNS illness management and neurotherapeutics.