Abstract

V. Nandini*, P. Supriya1, Dr. K. Tirumala Naik, M. Navya Sai and M. Prathyusha Bai

ABSTRACT

Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), commonly referred to as DRESS syndrome (Drug-Induced Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms), is a severe and potentially fatal adverse drug reaction. It is characterized by a delayed onset, occurring 2 to 8 weeks after initiating medication. The syndrome involves a complex interplay of factors, including medication exposure, genetic predisposition, and viral reactivation. The pathophysiology of DRESS syndrome is not fully understood, but it is believed to be an immune-mediated reaction involving T-cell activation. The clinical presentation of DRESS syndrome is diverse, with symptoms including rash, fever, eosinophilia, and organ involvement. Prompt diagnosis and withdrawal of the offending medication are essential for successful treatment. Systemic corticosteroids are commonly used, and the prognosis varies depending on the severity of the syndrome. This review provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, evaluation, treatment, and prevention strategies for DRESS syndrome.