Abstract

*Ansu Ismail and Safeera Ali

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus has quadrupled in global prevalence during the last three decades, which is now the ninth leading cause of mortality. Around 1 in 11 persons globally today has diabetes, with 90% of those suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM). Asia is a significant hot spot for the global DM epidemic, with China and India serving as the top two epicenters. Individual vulnerability to DM is partly determined by genetic predisposition, but a poor diet and sedentary lifestyle are major drivers of the current global epidemic; early developmental variables (such as prenatal exposures) also have a role in susceptibility to DM later in life. Many cases of DM can be avoided by making healthy lifestyle adjustments, including as keeping a healthy body weight and eating a balanced diet. Moderate alcohol consumption, a healthy diet, and regular physical activity. The aim of this paper is to review the information on type 1 and type 2 diabetes with emphasis on its pathophysiology and management via literature review. The global epidemiology of DM, as well as dietary, lifestyle, and other risk factors for DM and its consequences, are all updated in this review.