Abstract

Almutiri Abdullah Bandar*, Kristi Milley, Ebtesam M Aiash, Eman S Abuagiela, Ahmed M Alosaimi, Janine Danks.

ABSTRACT

Aims: The type of breast cancer to be investigated is known as metaplastic breast in which one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type. Osseous metaplasia is an interesting type of tumour that contains a mixture of cells: It consists of the carcinoma part and bone and/or cartilage. Metaplastic carcinoma appears to be more common in dogs with more than 50% cases while it is less than 1% cases in human. Canine suffer from naturally occurring breast cancer and live in the same environment as humans. The similarity is the main reason for using canine in the clinical studies. This is important in the translation of new studies into human therapies. The aim tool is that the metaplastic carcinomas will be characterized in this project using the dog’s breast tissue as a model and by using these five panels of antibodies: Estrogen receptor (ER), epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2), vimentin, Ki67 and CKAE1/AE3 to characterize this tumour. IHC will also be used in the preliminary study of the roll of BMP4, Osteopontin, and RUNX2 which are bone markers. Methods: Panels of antibodies used are: HER-2, ER, Vimentin, CKA1/AE3, Osteopontin, BMP4 and RUNX2 were performed according to the Immunohistochemistry manual protocol in17 cases from dog breast tissue. Results: By using the CKAE1/ AE3 antibody and Vimentin antibody, most of the causes were more Vimentin positivity compared to CKAE1/ AE3 antibody positivity result. When estrogen receptor (ER) anti body was used, the results were negative in most of the causes. For the HER-2 antibody, there was no over expiration in all the causes. In terms of proliferation rate, Ki-67 antibody was used and it was found that proliferation rate was low indicating that the tumours are benign (non malignant). For the BMP4 antibody, there was an over expression of this antibody marker in the tumour area of all causes. The osteopontin is associated with poor prognosis in the breast cancer. For the RUNX2, the normal part of the tissue was stained also expressed in breast cancer area in the tissue and appeared to be associated with unfavourable outcomes. Conclusions: In conclusion, the aim of the research was partially fulfilled. Since the experiment was not rational and repeatable, our results are not reliable to make a conclusion. However, based on the analysis and the results obtained, we can conclude that some good results were achieved.