Abstract

Raghda N. Hemeed*, Fadhil J. Al-Tu’ma*, Heider H. Abbas** and Ahmed H. Al-Mayali***

ABSTRACT

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the term given to heart problems the lipids in the blood are deposited on the end atrium due to abnormal lipids (metabolism). Due to the higher morbidity rate and mortality rate, IHD has become the most serious cardiovascular disease threatening in Iraqi people. The most common cause of myocardial infarction is atherosclerotic disease of an epicardial coronary artery (or arteries) sufficient to cause a regional reduction in myocardial blood flow and inadequate perfusion of the myocardium supplied by the involved coronary artery. It may affect individuals at any age, the most common risk factors include smoking, family history, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, high alcohol consumption, lack of exercise, stress, and hyperlipidemia. Various studies have shown that the polymorphisms angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE (DD) (rs4646994) associated with various heart diseases. Objective: To study the correlation between ACE (DD) (rs4646994) gene polymorphism with each of lipid profile and troponin I in hypertensive male Iraqi patients of myocardial infarction with / without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: This case–control study composed of 217 adult males which were classified into three groups: Group I comprised 86 patients with myocardial infarction before catheterization with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Group II comprised 78 patients with myocardial infarction without T2DM which were admitted in Al-Hussein Medical City Teaching Hospitals / Kerbala Health Directorate - Iraq during 1st, Dec. 2018 to 31, July 2019. Group III comprised of 53 apparently healthy individuals as a control group. The risk factors include smoking, family history, hypertension and T2DM. DNA was extracted from whole blood and genotyping was achieved with specific (primers to amplify) the 3 genotypes by using PCR-ARMS techniques. Results: The high frequency of D allele in diabetic group act as independent risk factor. The observed data indicated that ACE-DD homotype was higher in T2DM patients as compared to controls. The genotypes for the ACE (DD)(rs4646994) gene band was observed in (190 pb) which indicate the removal a single nucleotide from gene that called homozygotes. Conclusion: A positive correlation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (DD) (rs4646994) gene polymorphism in myocardial infarction with and without T2DM for in Iraqi patients were observed.