Abstract

A. Manoj*, K. Ramachandra Rao, B. Vishnu Bhat, C. Venkatesh and Z. Bobby

ABSTRACT

Karyotyping is a conventional Cytogenetic technique for identification of the stained metaphase spread, scanned under microscope and capture its images inorder to investigate the structure and aberrations of chromosomes. An understanding of key terms such as homologous chromosomes, Centromere, p arm and q arm, Metacentric, submetacentric and acrocentric chromosomes, chromosome banding, and Satellite bodies are essential terms required for Chromosomal analysis. Karyotype is the picture of chromosome by arranging of homologous pairs of chromosomes beginning with largest to shortest in a karyotyping work sheet for which (A-G) group of autosomes are first and sex chromosomes are placed last (X,Y). A diagram of karyotype based on chromosome measurement and banding pattern is called Ideogram which is used for the detection of aneuploidy and break point or chromatid breakage (CB). Other structural aberrations like acentric chromosome (AC), chromatid interconnection (CI), dicentric chromosomes (DC), and ring chromosome (RC) have been studied based on morphology. The protocol of Karyotyping includes Preparation of Culture medium, Incubation, Harvesting of Culture, Hypotonic treatment, Treatment with Fixative, Preparation of Slides, Staining of slides-GTG Banding, Microscopy and Automation of Karyotyping and Analysis and Recording of Data.