World Journal of Pharmaceutical
and Medical Research

( An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal )

An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical Research and Technology
An Official Publication of Society for Advance Healthcare Research (Reg. No. : 01/01/01/31674/16)
ISSN 2455-3301
IMPACT FACTOR: 6.842

ICV : 78.6

World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research (WJPMR) has indexed with various reputed international bodies like : Google Scholar , Index Copernicus , SOCOLAR, China , Indian Science Publications , Cosmos Impact Factor , Research Bible, Fuchu, Tokyo. JAPAN , Scientific Indexing Services (SIS) , UDLedge Science Citation Index , International Impact Factor Services , International Society for Research Activity (ISRA) Journal Impact Factor (JIF) , International Innovative Journal Impact Factor (IIJIF) , Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) , Global Impact Factor (In Process) , Digital Online Identifier-Database System (DOI-DS) , Science Library Index, Dubai, United Arab Emirates , Eurasian Scientific Journal Index (ESJI) , International Scientific Indexing, (ISI) UAE , IFSIJ Measure of Journal Quality , Web of Science Group (Under Process) , Directory of Research Journals Indexing , Scholar Article Journal Index (SAJI) , International Scientific Indexing ( ISI ) , Scope Database , Academia , 

Abstract

PATTERN OF DENTAL PLAQUE DISTRIBUTION AND CIGARETTE SMOKING: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Dr. Muhammad Amjad, Dr. Maria Abbas Shamsi and Dr. Muhammad Hammad Zaman*

ABSTRACT

Objective: To measure the incidence rate with distribution of dental plaque intraorally and its relationship with cigarette smoking habits in Pakistan population. Study Design: Descriptive / cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Nishtar Institute of Dentistry Multan from January 2017 to July 2017. Material and Methods: The study population involved 388 adult individuals checkup for free dental examination in a medical and dental camp arranged by Nishtar Institute of Dentistry Multan. Individuals who came to the Out Patient Department (OPD) were 425. In those 388 people (91%) were contributed in this study. A total of eight different sites of dentition were examined for the presence of dental plaque accumulation in each individual (3104 sites). Demographic and behavioural information including several dimensions of smoking habits was collected by questionnaire. Main outcome measures: we did consecutive sampling for collecting data and individuals were allocated into groups on the basis of their smoking status (103 cigarette smokers and 285 non cigarette smokers), the dental plaque accumulated sites were examined by risk factors for example smoking habit, cigarette smoking /years, number and cigarettes’ type/day. Results: Smoking was considerably related with accumulation of dental plaque, predominantly significant in cigarette smokers on the lower anterior lingual tooth surface and in non-cigarette smokers on upper buccal surface was highly affected. Conclusion: More number of dental plaque accumulated sites was found in relation to the degree, duration of smoking and type of cigarettes.

[Full Text Article]    [Download Certificate]

Powered By WJPMR | All Right Reserved

WJPMR