Abstract

Dr. Maryame El Hammoumi*, Dr. Benbrahim, Pr. Benchkroun, Pr. El Hafidi, Pr. Mahraoui Chafiq

ABSTRACT

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, of variable progression, of various causes and whose response to treatment is variable. It is the most common chronic disease in children and represents a major public health problem. According to statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO), it affects nearly 235 million people and is responsible for 250,000 deaths per year worldwide. As for Morocco, the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) reveals that 10 to 20% of the Moroccan population is affected by asthma. This multifactorial disease involves multiple genetic, environmental and behavioral factors. It represents a public health problem by its frequency and its morbidity. This review article includes a prospective study of perinatal asthma risk factors, lasting 4 months from May to September 2018 including all age groups, which took place within the department Pneumo-Allergology and infectious disease at the Rabat children's hospital. Of the 101 cases identified during this period, age varies between 7 months and 12 years with an average age of 4 years, there is a male predominance with a sex ratio of 1.5 of which 60% are boys and 40% are girls. Familial atopy accounts for 49.5%, while personal atopy accounts for 12.87% of cases. The environmental factors or allergens is 12%. Prenatal factors including maternal age, obesity during pregnancy, maternal stress, passive or active smoking and the use of antibiotics, all represent factors involved in the early onset of asthma in children. There are also other perinatal factors such as the notion of neonatal distress (4.95%), macrosomia (14.85%), upper part of the delivery (58%). Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, of variable progression, of various causes. It is the most common chronic disease in children and represents a major public health problem. This multifactorial disease involves multiple genetic, environmental and behavioral factors.